Fluid-pressure generator.



J. P. LINDBERG.

FLUID PRESSURE GENERATOR.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 21, 1914.

Patented Feb. 2, 1915.

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FLUID PRESSURE GENERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.21,1914,

Patented Feb. 2, 1915.

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Stream/1 UNITED srraapsjarnm oration.

JOHN F. LINDBERG, OF- HIBIBING,-MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOR 0F ONEHALF TO FRANKBANKSQOE HIBBING, MINNESOTA.

FLUID-PRESSURE GENERATGR,

Specification of Lettersfiatenti Patented Feb". 2, 1.915;

Appllcationflled March 21, 1914. serial Ho. eaaeee.

To all whom it ma concern Be itknown t at 1', JOHN F. Lmna'nno citizenof the United States,- residing at Hibbing, in the county of St.- Louisand State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Fluid- Pressure Generators, ofwhich the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to fluid pressure generators and its objects,generally'stated, are to utilize the pressure generated by the heatingor combustion of explosive gases for the'operation-of' engines ormotors, and" thereby reduce the waste and increase the efiiciency,reliability and ease of control= of gas engines; to effect vaporizationof hydro-carbon oils in'a more'efiicient way than has been heretoforepracticable; to over-' come severe vibrations c'ausedby explosiveengines as now commonly operate'd;and to provide novel means forcombining: airand gas under pressure,regulating the pressure in thecombustion chamber and delivering the products of combustion-to themotor;

More specific'objects of the invention will appear as the descriptionofthe sameproceeds and the invention consists in certain novel featuresof construction, arrangement and combination'of parts which willberpar-- ticularly pointed out in the claims folloW--- ing the detaileddescription;

In the annexed drawings which illus-- trate what is now considered to bethe preferred embodiment of the invention, Figure 1 is a diagrammaticview, partlyin section and partly in elevation, showing the completeapparatusarranged to drive'atur-bine or rotary engine; Fig. 2 is anenlarged ver tical section of the combustion chamber and the partsimmediately'adj acent thereto and coiiperating therewith; Fig. 3 is anen-- larged horizontal section taken substantially upon the-line 3+3 of-Fig'. 2'.

Referring more particularly to thedraw ings, the reference numeral 1designates a tank or reservoir for holding compressed air, and thenumeral-2 designates a tank or reservoir for containing fuel, suchashydrocarbon oil. The tank 2" is provided with a' filling plug 3 in itstop and apipe 4-c'on-- nect's the tanks 1' and 2 so as to establishcommunication between the tops thereof; the said pipe 4' being providedwitha cut-- ofl' valve 5, wherebythe'fiow of air to the fuel reservoirmay be controlled, and'com pressed airis supplied to the tank-1 by ana1rcompressor, indicated generally at 6, which is-operatedby the motor 7;

The combustion chamber 8 may be of any suitable material and of anydesired dimensions, being preferably in the form of a verticallydisposed: cylinder equipped with a-pressure. gage 9 in its top,and-having an outlet IO-nearw its upper end, the said outletcoznmunicating directly with a tube 11 which-1s equipped with an elbow12 at its lower end, as shown. Secured in the said elbow'12 is one endof a pipe 13 which leads to the motor and may be arranged in anyconvenient or prefer-red manner as may be necessary to deliver theproducts of combustion into the Working chamber of the motor, theaccompanying drawings showing the end of the said tube 13 bent to passthrough the casing of the motor at an angle to the radius thereof anddischarge against the vanes or pockets of the rotor. It will beunderstood, however, that this showing is illustrative merely andis notintended to be restrictive in anysense, as other types of motors can beused,.and the conveyer tube or pipe 13 Wlll,1;Of'C0llIS8, be so disposedas to-conform to the particular typeof motor in'tconnection with whichmy improved-aplparatus is used. Theconveyer tube or pipe 13 isprovidedwitha throttle valve 14 and a safety valve 15, which may be-ofany preferred type so that the pressure may be relieved should it reachia dangerous degree, and the flow to the motor'may be readily controlled.A supply pipe 16 leads from theupper end of'the air tank 1 and entersthe lower end of the combustion chamber, asvindicated at 17, a reducingvalve 18 being. interposed in said pipe, as clearly shown. The-airsupplypipe 16 is provided with-a cut-ofi' valve 19 so-that'the supplyo'f air may be regulated or entirely'cut ofl, as may be necessary. Anoutlet pipe 20 leads through the topof the fuel tank and has its lowerend disposed near the bottom of the'saidtank. This'fuel supply pipe 20'leads into a strainer orfilter 21 and from the said strainer or filter asecond supply pipe 22 leads to-thecombustion chamber, a cut-oil valve 23being interposed at any convenient point inthe said pipe 22 so thatthefiow of" fuel" maybe controlled;

The reducing valve 18' comprises'a plug or cylindrical guide-2ewhichis'secured in the upper side of the valve casing 25 and receives anadjusting screw 26. The upper end of the screw is suitably shaped to beengaged by a. turning tool and a cap 27 is fitted over the upper end ofthe screw to prevent the collection of any foreign matter upon the sameas will be readily understood. The valve proper is in the form of aplunger 28 seating upon the partition 29 of the valve casing and havingan upper hollow extension 30 which receives a spring 31 bearing upon theupper side of the plunger and against the lower end of the screw 26 andthe'tension of which may be regulated by adjusting the said screw in anobvious manner.

When the compressed air is permitted to flow through the supply pipe 16it will act upon the lower side of the plunger and raise the sameagainst the tension of the spring 31 and will then flow past the saidvalve and .into the combustion chamber through the port 17. When thepressure of the air admitted to the combustion chamber is nearly equalto the pressure of theair flowing through the pipe 16, the valve willclose and additional air cannot then flow through the port 17, thedifference between the pressures on the two sides of the valve beingdetermined by thetension of the spring 31, as will be readilyunderstood. A by-pass 32 leads from the bottom of the valve casing 25 tothe valve casing 33, which is arranged below the combustion chamber andextends laterally from the lower end of the burner body 34. The burnerbody 34 extends up through the lower head or closure 35 of thecombustion chamber cylinder 8 and is secured to the said head by boltsor screws 36 inserted through an annular flange 37 on the burner bodyinto the head 35, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. The said head 35 issecured to the cylinder 8 in a like manner by bolts 38 inserted throughthe head and an annular flange 39 on the cylinder. The lower end of theburner body is closed by a plug 40, which is threaded into the burnerbody and is so constructed as to provide an annular chamber 41 betweenitself and the lower extremity of the burner body, the plug beingprovided with a radial head or base plate 42 which fits against thelower end of the burner body so as to close the same and prevent theescape of fluid therefrom. Ports 43 are provided through the upperportion of the plug so as to establish communication between the annularchamber 41 and the bore of the burner body through a recess 44 in theupper end ofv the plug. The valve casing .33 is constructed with atransverse passage 45, into which the by-pass 32 leads and discharges,and a longitudinal passage 46 which leads from the said passage into theannular chamber 41. A plunger valve 47 is ,mounted in the valve casing33 so as to move across the passage 45 to and over the passage 46,thereby regulating the flow of air through said passages to the burner.A bridge 48 is provided on the upper end of the lug 40 and this bridgehas an outlet port, indicated at 49, in its underside, the said portbeing closed by a needle valve 50 which extends vertically through thecenter of the plug 40 and depends below the same where it is providedwith a head 51, between which and the lower end of the plug a spring521is coiled around the stem of the valve, the stem of saidvalve passingthrough a gland 53 to 'prevent leakage, and this gland may be of anydesired construction. The fuel supply pipe 22 passes laterally into theburner body 34 so as to communicate directly with a port or passage 54formed in the said body. This horizontal port or passage 54 leads to avertical passage 55 formed in the burner body, and the upper end of thesaid passage 55 communicates directly with a horizontal passage 56. Thesaid passage 56 leads to a vertical passage 57, which extends downwardlytherefrom and communicates with a secondhorizontal passage indicated indotted lines at 58 in Fig. 3, and this arrangement of passages iscontinued through the burner body around the bore of the same toterminate in a horizontal passage leading into the bridge 48, andcommunicating with the outlet port 49 in said bridge. These severalvertical and horizontal passages or ports are formed by drilling throughthe body of the burner at the proper points and then closing the outerends of the several passages by plugs, indicated at 59. This arrangementof passages provides a tortuous circulation of the fuel through theburner body before it is admitted into the bore thereof and commingledwith the compressed air, so that the fuel will be heated and partlyvaporized before it meets the air and, consequently, the mixing of thetwo fluids will be quickly effected and the proper ignition of the sameassured. I

A burner tube 60 is secured to and projects laterally from the burnerbody 34, and the said burner tube has a longitudinal passage 61 whichconnects with the port or passage 54, so that a part of the fuel mayflow through the said passage 61. The passage 61 leads to a valvechamber 62 in which is fitted a needle valve 63 provided with ahand-wheel or other operating member 64. The valve 63 controls an outletport 65 of the valve chamber 62 and the passage 61 may lead directlyintothe said valve chamber, but for convenience in constructing thedevice a branch passage 66 is provided leading from the passage 61 tothe said valve chamber. A pan 67 is secured to the inside of the burnertube 60 and is disposed in position to receive the fuel which willescape from the port 65 when the valve 63 is moved to open the same.After a small quantity of the fuel has been caught in the pan the valveis closed and the fuel in the pan ignited, the flame arising from saidfuel playing directly on the burner tube so as to quickly heat the samein a well understood manner. When the burner tube has been brought tothe desired temperature, the valve 63 is again opened and fuel will thenflow through the port 65 and will be immediately ignited by the heat ofthe burner tube, and a nozzle 68 is provided upon the burner tube inaxial alinement with the valve 63 so as to direct the ignited fuelagainst the main burner body 34, as will be readily understood. Theflame issuing from the nozzle or guide tube 68 will play directly uponthe main burner body and will be held to the same by a shell or casing69, which is secured aroundthe burner body and the end of the nozzle 68and is cut away, as shown at 70, at a point directly opposite saidnozzle to permit the flame to escape.

As shown most clearly in Fig. 2, the burner body projects upwardlythrough and above the lower head 35 of the combustion chamber cylinder,and this upper projecting portion is provided with a plurality oflateral openings or ports 71. An inverted conical shield or deflector 72is secured within the combustion chamber concentric with the upper endof the burner tube and the lower edge of the said deflector and spacedfrom the burner tube, as shown. It will also be noted that the saiddeflector is secured to the wall of the combustion chamber at a pointabove the port 17, while the lower edge thereof is below the said portand, conse quently, the air flowing through the port 17 will be directeddownwardly toward the burner body and will then escape upwardly aroundthe same into the combustion chamber, a part thereof flowing through theopenings or ports 71 into the bore of the burner. A- screen 73is'secured in the burner just above the bridge 48 and a spark plug orsimilar ignition device 74 is secured in the combustion chamber justabove the upper end of the burner. The sparkplug will be. connected inthe usual manner with a magneto, indicated conventionally at 75, andalso with a battery, indicated conventionally at 76, the magneto beingconnected with the motor 7 so that after the engine has commenced tooperate the current necessary to operate the spark plug may be suppliedthrough the magneto, and the battery used only in starting the engine,in the usual manner. A series of baflle-plates 77 are disposed in theupper portion of the combustion chamber so that the vapors rising fromthe burner and the cool 8.11 from port 17 will be caused to circulate Vtortuously through the combustion chamber and consequently, will bethoroughly commingled, thereby preventing overheating of the generator.

The needle valve 50 and the plunger valve 47 are operated automaticallyto control the flow of fuel and compressed air to the bore of the burnerbody by the temperature of the gases passing to the motor. To accomplishthis result, a thermostatic bar 78 is provided in the outlet tube 11 andis secured in a packing box 79 at the upper end of said tube in anyconvenient manner so that the upper end of the bar will be fixed. Thisthermostatic bar will be of some material having a higher coeflicient ofexpansion than the tube 11 and will be cruciform in cross-section orlongitudinally grooved so as to present an extended surface to theaction of the gases flowing through the tube and, consequently, respondreadily to variations in the tempera ture of said gases. The lower endof the said thermostatic bar is formed into a pin or rod 80 passingthrough a plug 81, closing the lower end of the tube, and a plug 82secured to the said plug 81 and forming a support for an angle lever 83.A packing box 84? is carried by the plug 81 so as to prevent leakagearound the pin or rod 80, and the plug 82 is provided with openingsthrough which the arms of the lever 83 extend. The said angle lever 83is provided with a recess or socket 85 adjacent its fullcrum, whichreceives the end of the pin or rod 80 so that when the said rod expandsthe lever will be rocked upon its fulcrum and the depending vertical armthereof swung toward the burner while the horizontally extending arm 86will be swung upwardly. As the bar cools and contracts the angle leverwill swing in the opposite direction under the influence of the partsconnected therewith, as will presently appear. The depending verticalarm of the angle lever bears against a sliding bar or pin 87, which ismounted in a suitable guide 88 on the valve casing 33 and the inner endof this pin or bar is pivoted to the upper end of a crank arm 89 risingfrom a rock shaft 90, which is j ournaled in and extends through theside of said valve casing and is equipped at its inner end with anupstanding crank arm or finger 91 bearing upon the outer end of theplunger valve 47. The plunger valve may be equipped with a roller 92 toreduce the frictional wear between the plunger and the finger or crank91, and it will be readily understood that the spring 93, which isdisposed between the head of said plunger and the bodv of the valvecasing 33, tends to hold the said plunger in its outer or open positionand, consequently, maintainsthe outer end of the pin or rod 89 inconstant contact with the dependent arm of the angle 1e ver 83.Therefore, when the thermostatic bar expands and the angle lever movesabout its fulcrum the rock shaft 90 will be rocked so as to cause thecrank 91 to move the plunger inwardly to closed position against thetension of said spring and when the thermostatic bar contracts thespring will expand and return the parts to the open position. The head51 of the needle valve 50 rests upon the upper side of the lever 93"which is fulcrumed upon a suitable support 94 and extends beyond theburner so that its free end may rest upon a support 95 carried by a link96, which depends from the horizontal arm 86 of the angle lever 83. Inthe present illustration, the support 95 is in the form of nuts whichmay be adjusted upon the link 96 and locked thereto so as to determinethe point at which the needle valve may be fully closed. The upper endof the link 96 is secured to a bracket 97, which is adjust-- ablymounted upon the arm 86, whereby the effective throw of the said arm maybe regulated. By properly adjusting the bracket 97 a greater or lessthrow may be imparted to the lever 93 and, consequently, the extent ofmovement of the valve 50 will be varied and the fuel permitted to flowto the burner in such quantity as will establish the proper'proportionsof fuel vapor and compressed air. This regulation of thefuel feedpermits various kinds of fuel to be used successfully in the apparatus.By adjusting the support 95 upon the link 96 the temperature at whichthe vapor jet will be completely closed may be determined, as bylowering the support greater expansion of the thermostatic bar will berequired to raise the lever 93 sufficiently to completely close thevalve 50 and, consequently, a higher temperature of the escaping gaseswill be required.

It is thought the operation and advantages of my improved apparatus willbe readily understood from the foregoing description taken in connectionwith the accompanying drawings. The several parts being connected up, asshown and described, and a supply of compressed air having beenestablished, the valve 1.9 is opened so as to permit air to flow intothe combustion chamber. lVhen the pressure in the combustion chamber hasreached the point where the pressure applied to the plunger 28 by theair in the combustion chamber and the spring 31 is equal to the pressureapplied to the plunger by the air flowing from the air supply, theplunger will be seated and the further flow of air to the combustionchamber will be effected through the by-pass 32 and the valve casing 33.Consequently, the air then flowing into the combustion chamber will passinto the annular chamber 41 have been equalized, the valve 5 is opened ai so as to permit a flow of compressed air into the fuel tank 2 untilthe pressure in the two tanks has been equalized. If the valve 23 bethen opened, the pressure within the fuel tank will tend to cause'a flowof liquid fuel from the tank'through the pipe 20 and filter 21 into thepipe 22, whence it may pass into the several ports of the burner ody. Asthe pressure throughout the apparatus, however, has been equalized andthe fuel reservoir is below the outlet ports 49 and 65 and the outlet 65is closed, no fuel will flow from the fuel reservoir until the pressurein the combustion chamber is reduced or unless;the port 65 be opened. Ifthe valve 63 be adjusted to open the port 65, some of the fuel willescape and drip into the pan 67 where it is set on fire. When suflicientfuel has been thus burned to heat the burner tube to the vaporizingdegree, the valve 63 is again opened and the fuel will then be ignitedimmediately upon issuing from the port 65 and the flame thus producedwill be inclosed by the nozzle 68 and directed against the main burner34. When the main burner 34 has been thus heated to the degree necessaryto vaporize the fuel contained in the several passages in the body ofthe burner, the'valve 65 is again closed and the fuel will then escapefrom the port 49 directly into the bore of the burner tube. If the fuelused is of a heavy grade, the pan 67 may be filled with some light oilso as to heat the nozzle of the initial burner to the desired degree.After the main burner or body 34 has been heated sufficiently tovaporize the fuel, the throttle valve 14 may be opened so as to allowthe compressed air in the combustion chamber to flow to the motor andthus rapidly reduce the pressure in the combustion chamber to the degreedetermined by the tension of the spring 31 in the reducing valve 18. Airwill then flow through the valve casing 33, the chamber 41 and the ports40 into the main burner,

spark plug will rise through the combustion chamber and pass out throughthe outlet tube 11 and the motor-supplying pipe 13, the air and vaporcontinuing to flow into the burner and to burn with full force as longas the throttle is left open, or until the gases have reached atemperature where the thermostatic bar 78 will be expanded and willclose the valves 47 and 50 1n the manner previously described. When thetemperature of the gases reaches the point where the thermostatic bar 78is expanded and the supply to the combustion chamber consequentlyreduced or cut off to such an extent that the outflow through the pipe13 exceeds the supply to the combustion chamber, the pressure 1n thecombustion chamber will drop to the point determined bythe reducingvalve 18 and the pressure from the air reservoir will then overcome andopen the said valve and flow through the port 17. The air escaping fromthe said port 17 will be deflected downwardly to and around the burnerby the cone 72 and will escape from under said cone or dcflector evenlyaround the main burner tube and will flow upwardly into the combustionchamber. On the upward flow of this air a portion-of the same will passthrough the ports 71 into the burner and will be heated directly by theflame in the burner and will complete the combustion of any unburnt gas.'The air rising around the burner will mix with the flame and with therising gas, and flowing tortuously around and through the bafiie plates,will take up heat from the flame and from the said plates and will tendto restore the balance of temperature and pressure to the generator. Asthe supply of heated gases is reduced, the thermostatic bar will cooland contract and the valves 47 and 50 will then open so as to increasethe supply of air and fuel to the burner and, consequently, the pressurewill be quickly restored to the proper working degree. Should thethrottle be completely closed the generation of the pressure fluid willcease as soon as the pressure in the combustion chamber becomes equal tothe pressure in the air reservoir and the flame will then be completelysubdued, but when the throttle is reopened so as to reduce the pressurein the combustion chamber the gas will again flow through the combustionchamber and will then be reignited upon coming into contact with thespark of the plug 74:. Should the stop, however, be of sufficientduration to allow the combustion chamber to cool below the temperaturerequired to vaporize the fuel, the main burner must be reheated and theoperation repeated, as previously described.

Where ample electric current is availhigh resistance wire which iswrapped around the burner body and has its ends secured to binding posts99 secured on the lower annular flange at 100 of the burner body, theshield 69 being also secured to the same flange. These binding posts andthe winding will, of course, be suitably insulated and layers of micawill generally be found preferable for this-purpose, a plate or block ofsuch material being indicated at 101 to insulate the binding posts fromthe base flange of the burner. When this electric winding can be usedthe pan 67 and the initial burner tube 60 will be unnecessary, but inthose localities where an ample electric current is not available theinitial burner and pan will be found very satisfactory.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. An apparatus for the purpose set forth comprising an air supply, afuel supply, a combustion chamber, a connection between the fuel supplyand the combustion chamber, a connection between the air supply and thecombustion chamber, a supplemental connection between the air supply andthe combustion chamber, means controlled by the products of combustionto regulate the admission of fuel to the combustion chamber, and meansalso controlled by the prod nets of combustion to regulate the flow ofair through said supplemental connection.

2. An apparatus for the purpose set forth comprising a combustionchamber, means for supplying fuel to said chamber, means for supplyingair to said chamber, means for combining the air and the fuel to createpressure within the combustion chamber, and means for supplyingadditional air upon excessive reduction of said pressure.

3. The combination of a combustion chamber, a deflector secured withinthe combustion chamber and extending downwardly and inwardly toward thelower end of the same, and an air supply opening into the combustionchamber below said deflector.

4. The combination of a combustion chamber, a burner extending upwardlythrough the bottom of the same, a fuel supply connected with the saidburner, and means external to the burner and the fuel supply forautomatically regulating the flow of fuel into the burner.

'5. The combination of a combustion chamber, a burner body extending upwardly through the lower end thereof and provided with tortuous passagesfor the flow of fuel, means for supplying fuel to said passages, meansfor heating the burner, and means for controlling the flow of fuel fromthe said passages through the burner.

6. The combination of a combustion chamber, a burner extendingupwardlythrough the bottom of the same, a bridge across the bore of said burnerand provided with an outlet port in its lower side, a tortuous series ofpassages within the burner leading to the said port, a fuel supplyconnecting with said passages, a valve controlling the said outlet port,and means external to the burner for adjusting said valve.

7, The combination of a combustion chamber, a burner extending upwardlythrough the bottom thereof, a bridge extending across the bottom of saidbore and having an outlet port in its underside, means for supplyingfuel to the said port, a valve to control t 1e said port, means foryieldably holding said valve in an open position, and means controlledby the products passing from the combustion chamber to close said valve.1

8. The combination of a combustion chamber, a burner extending upwardlythrough the bottom thereof, a bridge extending across the bore of saidburner and having an outlet port in its underside, means for feedingfuel to said port, a valve arranged to close the said port and normallyheld in an open position, a thermostat exposed to the products ofcombustion flowing from the combustion chamber, a lever bearing againstthe said valve, and connections between the thermostat and said leverwhereby to close the valve.

9. The combination of a combustion chamber, a burner extending upwardlythrough the bottom thereof, a bridge extending across the bore of saidburner and having an outlet port in its underside, means for feedingfuel to said port, avalve arranged to close the said port and normallyheld in an open position, a thermostat exposed to the products ofcombustion flowing from the combustion chamber, a lever bearing againstthe said valve, and adjustable connections between the thermostat andsaid lever whereby to close the valve.

10. The combination of a combustion chamber, a burner tube extendingthereinto, a bridge extending across the bore of said burner and havingan outlet port in its underside, means for feeding fuel to said port,

a valve arranged to close said port, means,

for holding said valve yieldably open, a lever bearing upon the saidvalve, a thermostat exposed to the products flowing from the combustionchamber, a rocking arm engaged by said thermostat, and adjustableconnections between said rocking arm and the said lever.

11. The combination of a combustion chamber, a burner extendinthereinto, an air supply leading into the combustion chamber, a reducingvalve in said air supply, a by-pass leading from the air supply to theburner, means for supplying fuel to the burner, and means in the by-passfor controlling the flow through the same.

12. The combination of a combustion chamber, a burner extendingthereinto,

air supply leading to the burner, a normally open valve arranged tocontrol said air supply, a 'rock shaft adjacent said valve, a crank onsaid rock shaft bearing upon the valve, and means controlled by theproducts flowing from the combustion chamber to rock said shaft'andclose the valve.

14. The combination of a combustion chamber, a burner extendingthereinto, means for feeding fuel to the burner, an air supply leadinginto the burner, a normally open valve controlling said air supply, athermostat exposed to the products flowing from the combustion chamber,and means actuated by said thermostat for closing said valve.

15. The combination of a combustion chamber, a burner extendingthereinto, means for feeding fuel to the burner, an air supply leadinginto the burner, a normally open valve controlling said air supply, arock shaft arranged to close said valve, a sliding pin connected withsaid rock shaft, a vibratory arm bearing upon said pin, and a thermostatengaging said arm and exposed to the products flowing from thecombustion chamber.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN F. LINDBERG. [1,. s.]

Witnesses:

T. A. EVERY, ERNEST HOSKINS.

